<thead>: The Table Head element #

::: section-content The <thead> HTML element defines a set of rows defining the head of the columns of the table. :::

Try it #

::: section-content ::: iframe ::: {.output-header .border-rounded-top}

HTML Demo: <thead> #

Reset :::

::: {#warning-no-script .warning-container} ::: warning The interactive example cannot be shown because JavaScript is disabled. ::: :::

::: {#warning-mathml-not-supported .warning-container .hidden} ::: warning The interactive example cannot be shown because MathML is not supported by your browser. ::: :::

::: {#editor-container .editor-container .tabbed-taller .hidden .border-rounded-bottom editor-type=“tabbed”} ::: {#tab-container .section .tabs} ::: {#tablist .tab-list role=“tablist”} HTML

CSS

JavaScript :::

::: {#html-panel .section .hidden tabindex=“0” role=“tabpanel” aria-labelledby=“html” aria-hidden=“true”} ::: {#html-editor}

::: {#css-panel .section .hidden tabindex=“0” role=“tabpanel” aria-labelledby=“css” aria-hidden=“true”} ::: {#css-editor} thead, tfoot { background-color: #3f87a6; color: #fff; }

tbody {
  background-color: #e4f0f5;
}

caption {
  padding: 10px;
  caption-side: bottom;
}

table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
  border: 2px solid rgb(200, 200, 200);
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}

td,
th {
  border: 1px solid rgb(190, 190, 190);
  padding: 5px 10px;
}

td {
  text-align: center;
}

::: :::

::: {#js-panel .section .hidden tabindex=“0” role=“tabpanel” aria-labelledby=“js” aria-hidden=“true”} ::: {#js-editor} ::: ::: :::

::: {#output .output-container}

Output #

::: :::

::: {.section .console-container .hidden aria-hidden=“true”}

Console Output #

![] clear console

::: {#console .console} ::: :::

::: {#html-output .output .editor-tabbed} %html-content% ::: ::: :::

Attributes #

::: section-content This element includes the global attributes. :::

Deprecated attributes #

::: section-content

align [Deprecated]{.visually-hidden}

This enumerated attribute specifies how horizontal alignment of each cell content will be handled. Possible values are:

• left, aligning the content to the left of the cell
• center, centering the content in the cell
• right, aligning the content to the right of the cell
• justify, inserting spaces into the textual content so that the content is justified in the cell
• char, aligning the textual content on a special character with a minimal offset, defined by the char and charoff attributes.

If this attribute is not set, the left value is assumed.

::: {#sect1 .notecard .warning} Warning: Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete (not supported) in the latest standard.

• To align values, use the CSS text-align property instead. :::

bgcolor [Deprecated]{.visually-hidden}

This attribute defines the background color of each column cell. It accepts a 6-digit hexadecimal color or a named color. Alpha transparency is not supported.

::: {#sect2 .notecard .note} Note: Do not use this attribute, as it is non-standard. The thead element should be styled using the CSS background-color property, which can be applied to any element, including the thead, <tr>, <td> and <th> elements. :::

char [Deprecated]{.visually-hidden}

This attribute is used to set the character to align the cells in a column on. Typical values for this include a period (.) when attempting to align numbers or monetary values. If align is not set to char, this attribute is ignored.

::: {#sect3 .notecard .note} Note: Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete (and not supported) in the latest standard. :::

charoff [Deprecated]{.visually-hidden}

This attribute is used to indicate the number of characters to offset the column data from the alignment characters specified by the char attribute.

::: {#sect4 .notecard .note} Note: Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete (and not supported) in the latest standard. :::

valign [Deprecated]{.visually-hidden}

This attribute specifies the vertical alignment of the text within each row of cells of the table header. Possible values for this attribute are:

• baseline, which will put the text as close to the bottom of the cell as it is possible, but align it on the baseline{target="_blank"} of the characters instead of the bottom of them. If characters are all of the size, this has the same effect as bottom.
• bottom, which will put the text as close to the bottom of the cell as it is possible;
• middle, which will center the text in the cell;
• top, which will put the text as close to the top of the cell as it is possible.

::: {#sect5 .notecard .note} Note: Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete (and not supported) in the latest standard: instead set the CSS vertical-align property on it. ::: :::

Examples #

::: section-content See <table> for examples on <thead>. :::

Technical summary #

::: section-content

Specifications #

::: _table #

Specification #

HTML Standard
[# the-thead-element]{.small}

:::

Browser compatibility #

::: _table #

          Desktop                                                                 Mobile                                                            

          Chrome    Edge   Firefox   Internet   Opera   Safari                    WebView   Chrome    Firefox   Opera     Safari on IOS             Samsung
                                     Explorer                                     Android   Android   for       Android                             Internet
                                                                                                      Android                                       

thead 1 12 1 Yes ≤12.1 1 4.4 18 4 ≤12.1 1 1.0

                                                        Backgrounds applied to                                            Backgrounds applied to    
                                                        `<thead>` elements will                                           `<thead>` elements will   
                                                        be applied to each table                                          be applied to each table  
                                                        cell, rather than the                                             cell, rather than the     
                                                        entire header. To mimic                                           entire header. To mimic   
                                                        the behavior of other                                             the behavior of other     
                                                        browsers, set the                                                 browsers, set the         
                                                        `background-attachment`                                           `background-attachment`   
                                                        CSS property to `fixed`.                                          CSS property to `fixed`.  

align 1 12 1 Yes 15 3 4.4 18 4 14 2 1.0

bgcolor 1 12 1 Yes ≤15 1 4.4 18 4 ≤14 1 1.0

char 1 12 No Yes 15 ≤4 4.4 18 No 14 ≤3.2 1.0

charoff 1 12 1 Yes 15 ≤4 4.4 18 4 14 ≤3.2 1.0

valign 1 12 1 Yes 15 3 4.4 18 4 14 2 1.0 #

:::

See also #

::: section-content

• Other table-related HTML Elements: <caption>, <col>, <colgroup>, <table>, <tbody>, <td>, <tfoot>, <th>, <tr>;
• CSS properties and pseudo-classes that may be specially useful to style the <thead> element:
  • the :nth-child pseudo-class to set the alignment on the cells of the column;
  • the text-align property to align all cells content on the same character, like '.'. :::

::: _attribution © 2005–2023 MDN contributors.
Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/thead{._attribution-link} :::